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The Arts and Crafts Movement was a 19th century art movement that began in Britain as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution:
Origins
The movement was a response to the poor working conditions and mass production of the Industrial Revolution. Artists, designers, and tradespeople wanted to return to more traditional methods of production, where the maker had more control over the creative process.
Leaders
The movement is considered to have been started by art critic John Ruskin, and popularized by William Morris, a textile designer and poet.
Characteristics
The movement promoted simplicity, functionality, and craftsmanship, and focused on natural materials and patterns.
Spread
The movement spread to Europe, America, Japan, and throughout the British Empire.
Influence
The movement influenced architecture, city planning, politics, art, and design.
Decline
The movement began to decline during World War I, and was surpassed by Modernism in the 1930s.
Resurgence
The movement is experiencing a resurgence today, but with the incorporation of new technology
Vintage 1940s arts and crafts oak framed over mantle bevelled edge mirror
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